High voltage coefficient piezoelectric materials and their applications

The piezoelectric dij coefficient is often regarded in materials science as the most important figure of merit performance. For many applications, gij which correlates to voltage output and sensitivity a material can be considered equal or increased importance, however an overlooked parameter literature. aim this review highlight importance provide insight into mechanisms that drive high single crystal, polycrystalline, composite form. bulk ceramics, special attention given tetragonal systems due availability electrical crystallographic data allowing for clear structure-property relation. Orthorhombic rhombohedral are mentioned specific cases highlighted, investigating relations difficult lack datasets. Composite have been forefront over decades therefore also both ceramic-matrix polymer-matrix An overview applications medical, energy, fishing defence industries where desirable scientific commercial considerations must made transition from laboratory industry discussed perspective integrating new sonar devices.